English future perfect tense. Future Perfect Future completed tense. Affirmative sentences Future Perfect - Positive Sentences

Future Perfect Tense (pronounced future perfect tens) is translated into Russian as the future perfect tense. Future Perfect Tense is one of four existing futures.

This tense is used quite rarely, but denotes a certain action that must be completed before a certain moment/the beginning of another action in the future or will continue after it.

Education Future Perfect

The Future perfect tense can be formed in two ways:

Using the auxiliary verb will or using the construction be going to. Future Perfect is different from Future Simple because here these two are interchangeable.

1. will have + pr. past tense (not regular verb(3rd form) or regular verb ending -ed)

You will have perfected your Finnish by the time you come back from the Finland - You will have learned Finnish perfectly by the time you return from Finland.
Clare will have finished her homework by the time her brother Bob gets home – Clare will finish homework to his brother Bob's return home.

2. be + going to have + pr. past tense (irregular verb in 3rd form or regular verb ending -ed)

You are going to have perfected your Finnish by the time you come back from the Finland. – You will learn Finnish perfectly by the time you return from Finland.
Clare is going to have finished her homework by the time her brother Bob gets home - Clare will finish her homework by the time her brother Bob gets home.

Negative Sentences in Future Perfect

You can make a negative sentence in the future perfect tense by adding the negative particle not to the auxiliary verb will:

Statement: She will have learned every road sign - She will learn every road sign.
Negation: She will not have learned every road sign - She will not learn every road sign.

Statement: It will have stopped raining - The rain will stop falling.
Negation: It will not have stopped raining - The rain will not stop falling.

Negation with the construction be going to is constructed by substituting the negative particle not between be and going to:

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Statement: They are going to have left Uruguay - They will leave Uruguay.
Negation: They are not going to have left Uruguay - They will not leave Uruguay.

Statement: Guys are going to have met Alexandria - The guys will meet Alexandria.
Negation: Guys are not going to have met Alexandria - The guys will not meet Alexandria.

Word order in a negative sentence:

Subject + will not / be not going to + Have + Action verb + Rest of sentence

Our music teacher will not have retired by next semester - Our music teacher will not retire by next semester.
Our music teacher is not going to have retired by next semester - Our music teacher will not retire by next semester.

Interrogative sentences in the Future Perfect

I will have been in London for six months by the time I leave - I will have been in London for six months by the time I get ready to leave.
By Monday, Susan is going to have had my book for a week - On Monday it will be a week since Susan reads my book.

Complex cases

Like other future tenses, the Future Perfect is not used in sentences that begin with a specification of time:

while - while
when - when
before - before
by the time - by that time
after - after
as soon as - as soon as
if - if
unless - for now
etc.

In such cases, the Present Perfect is usually used instead of the Future Perfect.

Video about Future Perfect:

Hello my beloved readers.

What do you remember about Future Perfect time? Of course, it’s sad if the pain is not enough, but don’t despair. Today I will remind you of everything. This tense cannot be confused with anything - neither Simple nor Continuous. Because it's special. And I'll tell you why. We are waiting for rules and examples, a couple of useful exercises, and so many useful things that you will not forget about this time.

How is it formed

Let's start, perhaps, by finding out what the Future Perfect Tense looks like in a sentence. The procedure for its formation is very simple. See:

Subject + auxiliary verb will\shall + have + predicate in the 3rd form + object and circumstances.

Let's look at example sentences.

She will have read the book until the end of next week. - By the end of next week she will have finished reading the book.

They will have moved in by Wednesday evening. - They will be moving in by Wednesday evening.

We shall have repaired the car by the end of next week. - By the end of next week we will finish repairing the car.

And in the table you can see how a sentence can change depending on its affirmative, negative or interrogative form.

The negative form is formed by adding a particle not .

Well, to create a question, you just need to move the auxiliary verb will to the first place, leaving everything else in its place.

As I said, there is nothing complicated here. Now that we know what our time looks like, we can move on to practice.

When to use: beginner level

As with any time, Future Perfect has its own indicators, by which it is easy to calculate that this is exactly it.

He will have graduated from school by that time. - By this time he has already finished school.

• Tense is used mainly when we are talking about an action that starts in the future and ends there.

She will have watched the movie by Saturday evening. - By Saturday evening she will have already watched the film.

They will have opened a brand new factory by the next month. - By next month they will have opened a completely new factory.

• We can also use the Future Perfect when talking about a situation that continues until a certain time.

This time next week I shall have worked at this factory for 15 years. - At this time next week, I will have been working at this plant for 15 years.

This time tomorrow he will have traveled the world non-stop for 3 years. - Tomorrow at this time he will be traveling around the world non-stop for 3 years.

This time next January I shall have moved to another country. - This time next January I will move to another country.

When to use: Professional level

Using the Future Perfect doesn't become so easy when you reach a high level of English.

• For those who are far from new to this tense, it will be useful to know: sometimes the Future Perfect can act in the meaning of a modal phrase must have done, the translation of which can be defined as “must be\probably.”

You will have seen what happened to them. “You must have seen what happened to them.”

They will have moved to another city. - They must have moved to another city.

As you probably already guessed, this time does not have many functions. Therefore, it will not be difficult for you to remember it. But it will be extremely useful to consolidate what you have learned. Now you can test your knowledge. and what I have prepared for you. Go through them and share your results in the comments.

And if you have questions, write. I will be happy to answer them. And I will be glad to see the most determined ones among my blog subscribers. You will receive the latest and most useful information from the world of the English language.

And that's all for me.

Until next time, my dear readers.

Affirmative form The Future Perfect is formed using the auxiliary verb to have in the simple future tense (Simple Future/Future Indefinite: shall/will have (shall for 1st singular and plural, will for all other singular and plural persons. ) and the past participle (Participle II) of the semantic verb.

shall have, will have + Participle II

I shall have written the letter. I'll write a letter.
He will have written the letter. He will write a letter.

IN interrogative form auxiliary verbs shall/will are placed before the subject.

Shall I have written the letter? Shall I write a letter?
Will he have written the letter? Will he write a letter?

Use

Future Perfect is used:

• 1. To express an action that has already taken place and will be completed at a certain point in the future. This specific time in the future is indicated by expressions such as: by that time - by then, by Monday - by Monday, by the end of the month (year, week) - by the end of the month (year, weeks).

I shall have read this book by the end of this week. I will read this book by the end of this week.
By the end of the year your little daughter will have broken all your cups. By the end of the year, your little daughter will break all your cups.
The head of the expedition thought, “By the end of the month we shall have spent all our supply of provisions. May be by that time some plane will have found us on this small island." The expedition leader thought: “By the end of the month we will have used up our entire food supply. Perhaps by this time some plane will find us on this small island.”

• 2. To express an action that will be completed before another action begins in the future. This other action (in a subordinate clause) is expressed through Simple Present/Present Indefinite.

I hope you will have made up your mind when I come back.
I hope you come to some kind of solution when I get back.

Please note:

• 1. To express a completed action in the future in subordinate clauses of time and condition after the conjunctions when - When,after- after., as soon as - as soon as, till - to, until - until then, how (not) if - If Present Perfect is used instead of Future Perfect, and in main sentences Simple Future/Future Indefinite is usually used. When translated into Russian, the verbs of the main and subordinate clauses translated by verbs in the future tense.

Didn't think, "What shall I tell him when (if) he has asked me about it?”
He thought, “What will I tell him when (if) he asks me about this?”

The future perfect tense is used to express an action that will take place at a certain point in the future.

• She will have cleaned the entire house by the time he gets home. She will clean the whole house for his return.
• They will have finished their course by the end of May. They will complete the course by the end of May.

Education time

The future perfect tense is formed using an auxiliary verb will have +V3(3rd form of the semantic verb (see table of irregular verbs)). If the semantic verb is correct, an ending is added to it -ed.

• By the time I finish this course, I will have taken five tests. When I finish this course I will write 5 tests.

NB! To form an affirmative form of a sentence, it is possible to use the auxiliary verb shall have for the 1st person (I, we - I, we). Using will be for the 1st person is not a mistake!

Negative sentence formed with an auxiliary verb will not have(shall not have) (won’t/shan’t - shortened forms)+ V3.

• I shall not have finished this test by 2 o'clock. I won't finish the test by 2 o'clock.
• She will not have graduated from university by next year. She won't graduate by next year.

For education interrogative sentence the verb comes first in the sentence will/shall + pronoun (subject) + have + semantic verb in the third form (V3). If an interrogative sentence begins with a question word (What? Who? When? Why? Which? Whose?), then the verb will/shall takes second place in the sentence, the pronoun takes third place, etc.

• Shall I have finished this test by 2 o'clock? Will I finish the test by 2 o'clock?
• Will you have graduated from university by next year? Will you graduate by next year?

Signal words (time markers, cue words)

• by - before, to;
• by then - by that time;
• by the time - by time (by the moment);
• after - after;
• before - before;
• until - not yet (in negative sentences), etc.

The Future Perfect Tense. Exercises The Future Perfect Continuous Tense. Use and education of time The Future Simple Tense. Use and education of time

There are quite a few ways to express future events in English, and each of them is responsible for its own, strictly limited, domain. Today we will study the aspect that allows us to indicate the completion of a given action by a specified future time. Expressions with this meaning are typical examples of the future perfect, often found both in texts and in English speech. Let's get acquainted with their design, situations of use and the contexts they convey. The form of this tense is not at all complicated, but very useful for enriching speech.

English grammar allows you to use the future perfect in both active and passive predicates. Let us consider separately how these types differ and what their construction patterns look like in sentences of various types.

Active voice

If it is necessary to express the action of the subject in the affirmative form, then to compose the predicate you will need to take three elements: the founding verb of the future tense will, the auxiliary have and the past participle (participle II). According to the meaning of the aspect, translation into Russian will be carried out using perfective verbs.

• Our workers (1) will (2) have (3) finished (4) excavations by the next Friday Our workers will complete the excavation by next Friday.

The construction will be the same for all numbers and types of persons of nouns and pronouns, as evidenced by the example sentences below.

• She will have cooked the chicken by 7 o’clock –Shewill cookchickenby 7hours.
• I will have watched the film before the guests come –II'll watch itmovietoTogo,Howwill comeguests.

Do not forget that when using subordinate clauses in the future tense, their predicate cannot have the form with will, therefore it is always expressed in one of the present forms.

When creating questions, the perfect future aspect is no different from other future tenses and also moves will to the beginning of the phrase. If a sentence contains a special question, then it takes first place, and will comes after it.

• Will you have learned the unit by the evening? –Youyou'll learnthistopicToin the evening?
• When will he have written his book? –WhenHewill writemya book?

Expressions of negative shades are also constructed according to the rule already known to us: will + not; for the first person, the use of shall + not is rare. Both in writing and in colloquial speech, abbreviations like won’t / shan’t are often used.

• Weshallnothaveopenedtheshopuntilwe lay out the goods “We won’t open the store until we distribute the goods.”
• The train won’t have yet arrived by the time I finish work –TrainmoreNotwill comeTothattime,HowII'll finishwork.

And the last possible construction is interrogative sentences for negation in the future perfect. Their use can often be found in colloquial speech, meaning “isn’t it ...?”. Pay attention to the behavior of the particle not in the full and abbreviated forms of the predicate.

• Will you not have yet sent the fax by Wednesday? –Isn't itYoumoreNotyou will sendthisfaxToenvironment?
• Won'tshehavecutherhairbeforeshegoestothebirthday? “Won’t she get her hair cut before she goes to the birthday party?”

Let us dwell a little on the application of this aspect, although the main purpose of the future perfect has already been outlined by the examples given in the material. In the active voice, its use is dictated by only one situation: it is necessary to express an event that will begin in the future and end by the time period specified in the expression. This period can be indicated either by a specific time moment or by the presence of a second action.

However, sometimes moments arise that require the use of this construction, but in the passive. Let's consider them further.

Passive voice

Predicates of such forms express actions performed on an object, but not by himself, but by a third party. Since in passive sentences the object of actions comes to the fore, the subject performing these actions will be expressed not by the subject, but by the object. In addition to syntactic rearrangements, the basic form of the predicate also changes.

To construct the future perfect passive, you need to take the construction of the active voice statement and add just one element to it - the third form of to be.

• The building (1) will (2) have (3) been (4) built (5) by the company “Leen” in two years(6) – This building will be built by the Lin company in two years.

Please note that in these constructions the preposition by helps to denote not only time, but also the main performer. Often character for various reasons it may not be indicated at all.

• The picture will have been exhibited in the city’s museum by the next month –TOnextmonththispaintingwillexhibitedVurbanmuseum.

Such sentences can also have interrogative and negative forms.

• Will the album have been recorded by Jack MacGrain by the 2019 year? –ThisalbumwillrecordedJackMcGraneby 2019year?
• The film won’t have been shown by the Second Channel until autumn begins –ThismovieNotwillshownSecondchannel,ByeNotwill beginautumn.

So, we have analyzed both voices, which will be quite enough for an average level of knowledge of English. For those who claim a higher grammatical level, it would not be amiss to mention one more meaning of this aspect of time.

There is a special case of putting sentences in the future perfect of the active voice. We are talking about its use to convey the modal expression must have done. In Russian, the analogue of this combination will be the introductory words “ more likely», « likely», « there must be", i.e. the speaker assumes that the specified actions were performed. It is noteworthy that in this construction the meaning is the opposite of the form: the future tense expresses past events.

• They will have noticed many mistakes in my letter –They,Maybe,noticeda buncherrorsVmyletter.
• Shewillhavereadaboutthesecasesinthemagazines “She must have read about these cases in magazines.”

Note that such expressions are extremely rare in speech, but are quite actively used in journalistic, scientific and artistic texts.

Future Perfect examples of time indicators

Each category of tenses in English has its own signal words, i.e. circumstances of the time by which it is easy to determine the use of this group. Here is a short list of satellites of the future perfect tense, expressed by prepositions and subordinate conjunctions.

• by the time, by the end, by …day, month, year and etc. - by this time, by the end, by day, month, year, etc. The most frequently used preposition with the perfect future;
• until/till – as long as (indicates the onset of the second action);
• before – before, before;
• when – when, while.

Having memorized the listed conjunctions and prepositions, you will be able to navigate the use of this aspect much easier. Good luck in improving your language!

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